Studia Methodologica

WON IN TRANSLATION: TRANSFORMATIONS OF SONGS IN ANOTHER LANGUAGE

David LIVINGSTONE — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

We have all heard the term “lost in translation”, referring to the way one can never capture the entire essence of the original when translating a text. What about cases, however, when a text (a poem or song in this case) is actually improved in translation, something is won and the translated version goes on to lead a rich life of its own, even exceeding in impact the original. This paper will look at various approaches to translating songs, from those which try to preserve the original as closely as possible when translating the source text to those which are more interested in capturing the rhythm and cadence and which amount to more of an adaptation. The examples used will be either from or into English and will cover a range of genres and time periods. The songs analysed herein are not meant to be by any means comprehensive. Several examples connected with the Czech language are included due to the author’s own long-term experience with this culture and country. Examples connected with the Ukrainian language are also dealt with. The other languages included (Mandarin, Greek, Irish and Zulu) are due to the particular songs chosen for analysis. There will also be a short discussion of related phenomena including adaptations or rewritings of songs within one language, in this case English or how particular songs meet with a remarkable response in another culture although the texts have remained in the source language. The texts of songs are some of the most widely translated cultural artefacts from time immemorial, but little scholarly attention has been focused on them. Translations of songs are an area deserving of further exploration and this contribution will hopefully lead to further discussion and theorizing.

IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR IN THE SPACE OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Mariana BANEVYCH — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The role of language in the formation of political ideologies is undeniable. Conceptual metaphors that link abstract political ideas to concrete experiences play a key role in political discourse. The article examines the key role of conceptual metaphor in the formation of political communication and public perception. Drawing on cognitive linguistics and political theory, the study examines how metaphors function as cognitive tools that structure abstract political concepts through familiar, tangible experiences. Key frames such as Politics as War, Nation as Family, and Economics as Health are analyzed to demonstrate their impact on policy-making, emotional resonance, and rhetorical strategies. The study brings together recent scholarly contributions, including those of Lakoff, Chilton, and Mussolf, to offer a comprehensive overview of metaphorical uses in political discourse. Cross-cultural comparisons reveal both universal and culture-specific metaphors, emphasizing their adaptability in different political systems. Case studies such as the US presidential debates, Brexit campaigns and climate change discourse illustrate the practical implications of using metaphors in different political contexts. The article emphasizes the cognitive and persuasive power of metaphors in mobilizing public opinion and legitimizing political plans. The paper also identifies the insufficient level of existing research, particularly in automated metaphor analysis and longitudinal studies, suggesting directions for future research. Combining linguistic and political perspectives, the study provides valuable information about the strategic implementation of conceptual metaphors in contemporary political discourse. In addition, this article examines how conceptual metaphors are incorporated into political communication, analyzing their impact on public opinion and policy-making. The study draws on linguistic and political theories to overcome misinterpretations of the dynamic interplay between language and politics.

INTERACTION OF TEXT AND PARATEXT IN TRANSLATION (BASED ON THE COLLECTION OF WORKS «THE SILMARILLION» BY J.R.R. TOLKIEN)

Yurii VITIAK — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article examines the interaction between text and paratextual representations in J.R.R. Tolkien’s English-language edition of “The Silmarillion” and its Ukrainian translation. The research briefly addresses paratextual terminology: distinguishing between “peritext” and “paratext”; explaining the term “paratextual form” and articulating its difference from the so-called “invisible forms” from K. Jackson’s perspective.The materials place significant emphasis on the temporal nature of paratext, particularly focusing on the layering of extra-textual forms observed through subsequent editions of the characterized collection of works.The translation study represents differences between the “Foreword” to the 1977 edition and the “Preface to the Second Edition” from 1999, both created by the editor Christopher Tolkien. It documents the connection between paratextual materials that typographically appear in preposition to the text and those placed in postposition.Among other aspects, the role of epistolary as an information source is examined, contributing to deeper knowledge about the book and the author’s intentions in creating it, which have a compensatory nature and thus aim to fill folkloric gaps in England’s literary tradition. Following the writer’s lead, the linguistic features of the collection are emphasized. The analysis of J.R.R. Tolkien’s 1951 letter to then-Collins editor M. Waldman emphasizes the letter’s changing status as potentially belonging to either epitext or peritext.The article places exceptional focus on post-textual manifestations of paratext, specifically notes on consonant and vowel pronunciation (which are extraordinary forms in publications) and indexes of proper names. Analysis of the appendices reproduced in translation reveals traces of interventions that are not additionally commented upon. Such interventions are interpreted as adaptation-driven. Additionally, differences in the presentation of various diacritical marks, which serve as decorative and stylistic markers, are noted between the source language edition and the target language. A brief analysis of glyphs from linguistic-historical positions is conducted.

MARKERS OF DOUBLE CONDITIONING IN ELIZABETH LANGESSER’S NOVEL “DAS UNAUSLÖSCHLICHE SIEGEL”

Svitlana PRYTOLIUK — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article examines Elizabeth Langgesser’s novel “Das unauslöschliche Siegel” in the context of German magical realism, the differential feature of which is the duality of the narrative discourse, caused by the combination of real and unreal modes of presenting reality in the works of this literary genre. The conceptual basis of the study was the semiotic model of “double conditioning” by A. Koshorke, according to which two antinomic symbolic systems are paradoxically superimposed in the artistic world of the work, each of which can develop autonomously. In this case, the content integrity of the work appears only in oscillation, when a certain heterogeneous space appears, where individual elements of the plot can be simultaneously manifested in both dimensions. In the study, the specificity of duality in Elizabeth Langgesser’s novel “Das unauslöschliche Siegel” was established, the markers of transcendental discourse in the context of realism were determined. It is emphasized that the novel is dominated by a mimetic way of representation, however, the life story of the character, presented in a realistic mode, explicates a large-scale transcendental discourse: on the physical level, the life story of Lazarus Bellefontaine unfolds, on the metaphysical level – the story of the fall and salvation / spiritual resurrection and the eternal confrontation between God and his antagonist. The key concept in the work is water, which plays the role of a life-giving force, a destructive uncontrollable element, is an important attribute of the baptism ritual and a symbol of spiritual rebirth. One of the markers of double conditioning is the silver ball in the main character’s garden, which is an object of the objective world and at the same time a mystical artifact that transcends the boundaries of time and space. The metaphorical conclusion of the first part of the novel clearly demonstrates the idea of “double conditioning”: since different sign modes do not have a single meta-code, the texts cannot be deciphered by those who are in only one coordinate system, and therefore, only those whose consciousness is capable of understanding the semantics of the transcendental can oscillate between two dimensions.

CHILD AS NARRATOR IN FICTIONAL DIARY: STYLISTIC ASPECT

Olena SHON — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article deals with the analysis of “Nelly Custis’ Diary” by the American author M.A. Bourne as the example of a fictional diary based on historical sources. It explores the genre of fictional diaries, focusing on the narrative style and language used when narrator is a child. It is defined that the genre, while rooted in real-life diaries, combines fiction and intimate first-person narration, offering readers a personal insight into events from the narrator’s subjective perspective. Diaries, both real and fictional, exhibit a fragmentary, non-linear style, emphasizing emotions, memories, and introspection. The research highlights the role of child narrators, particularly in fictional diaries based on historical documents, and emphasizes how their understanding of the world shapes their narration.The study analyses the use of stylistic devices in a fictional diary detailing the life of George Washington’s step-granddaughter. Written from Nelly’s perspective at a young age, the diary reflects the simplicity and emotional immediacy of a child’s viewpoint. Bourne’s narrative incorporates ecphonesis, repetition, and questions-in-the-narrative, enumeration and parallelism which help convey Nelly’s feelings and perceptions such as excitement, joy, grief, as well as her observations of daily life. The narrative also includes ellipsis to create dramatic pauses, showing her reflective thinking. The analysis proves that simplicity of the diary in style is balanced by its emotional depth, allowing readers to connect with Nelly’s experience and see historical events through her eyes.The study concludes that fictional diaries, particularly those with child narrators, offer valuable insights into historical periods by personalizing events. The child’s viewpoint is essential in conveying sincere emotions and uniqueness of their experience. Future research could expand on the linguistic and stylistic analysis of child narrators in both fictional and non-fictional diaries as well as studying the genre’s narrative potential.

LEXICAL MEANS OF EXPRESSING TIME IN NOVELS AUDREY NIFFENEGGER

Natalia BORYSOVA — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article analyzes lexical means of expressing time in Audrey Niffenegger’s novels “The Time Traveler’s Wife” and “Her Fearful Symmetry”. Time in these novels is not just a chronological background but a key concept that determines the structure of the plot, characters’ characters, and the reader’s perception of events. The novel “The Time Traveler’s Wife” analyzes the non-linearity of time, which is reflected through specific lexical units. Time markers – words and phrases that indicate a specific time or period (for example, dates, days of the week, age), as well as vocabulary that conveys the subjective perception of time by different characters are studied. Particular attention is paid to lexical means that create the effect of a broken chronology and reflect the protagonist’s chaotic movements in time.In the novel “Her Fearful Symmetry”, time is a multidimensional category combining past, present, and future. In this novel, symbolic lexical means play an important role, emphasizing the connection between temporal dimensions and spatial aspects. The use of lexical repetitions that create a sense of cyclicity, time metaphors that allow us to comprehend time through images and comparisons, and epithets that add emotional color to temporal descriptions are analyzed. The article also examines the role of vocabulary that conveys the atmosphere of mystery and mysticism characteristic of this novel.The article examines the functional load of lexical means in the context of philosophical ideas about time embedded in the texts. The texts of the works are analyzed to see how the lexicon contributes to creating a certain emotional mood associated with the passage of time, memory, loss, hope, and other experiences. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of lexical devices with the general style of the novels, which allows us to better understand the role of time as a narrative tool that shapes the plot and the emotional impact on the reader. The study covers the analysis of nouns, adverbs, adjectives, verbs and other parts of speech that express time, which allows for a comprehensive study of the problem of expressing time in Audrey Niffenegger’s novels.

COMPUTER INTELLIGENCE AND … CREATIVITY

Anatoliy VYKHRUSHCH — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The study of the problem of developing individual creative abilities has remained relevant from the time of Socrates to the present day. Folk oral creativity fostered the development of these qualities long before theoretical generalizations emerged. Meanwhile, the advent of new technical capabilities has necessitated further scientific exploration. The widespread adoption of artificial intelligence (such as Gemini, GPT, etc.) has raised concerns among experts about the threat of mass manipulation. However, the advantages of computer systems, if they are being used correctly, are also evident. The informatization of educational institutions has become a daily reality, naturally drawing the attention of academic institutions to these issues. A testament to the relevance of this research topic is the fact that in September 2024, the tenth scientific forum of researchers from Ukraine and Poland was held, with the telling title, “Education for the Digital Transformation of Society”.The rapid pace of change is remarkable. While the first theoretical works on artificial intelligence were published in the mid-20th century, recent years have witnessed an avalanche-like growth in information flows. It is no coincidence that Polish authors, in their outstanding work “The Pedagogical Encyclopedia of the 21st Century”, address the issues of information stress and even “informational flood”.At the ministerial level, opportunities for using artificial intelligence have been analyzed. Books with eloquent titles such as “The Didactics of Creativity” are becoming popular among colleagues. Studying the potential of artificial intelligence in the context of literary criticism and professional linguodidactics appears promising. Information becomes effective when, after familiarization and discussion, specific programs are developed based on it, with continuous monitoring of their implementation. Among the promising socially significant issues are undoubtedly diverse topics of personal self-improvement, comparative research, the search for effective ways to modernize higher education institutions, and the development of creative abilities among participants in the educational process.

MACROTEXTUAL CONNOTATION OF KEYWORDS IN LITERARY TEXT

Yuliia HOLOVASHCHENKO, Anastasiia BODNARCHUK — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article is dedicated to studying the issue of connotation within a literary text. A detailed theoretical review of existing studies on connotation among domestic linguists is carried out, outlining the leading research directions. It is determined that in the field of textological research, the concept of connotation has been considered only concerning certain linguistic phenomena. Connotation, in traditional linguistic perspective, is explicated as an evaluative, value-oriented, emotive component of meaning, which contains information about the speaker’s attitude towards the reality and has a certain expressive effect. The article proposes an approach to interpreting connotation on the textual level, reflecting its sense-forming properties. Connotation at the level of holistic understanding of a literary text is interpreted as macrotextual connotation, which implies the enhancement of emotive-expressive, evaluative and value-oriented, or other pragmatic components of meaning according to the author’s artistic-ideological intention embedded in the literary text. For the linguistic analysis of macrotextual connotation, the concept of keywords as lexical markers of semantic accumulation within the literary text is involved. The focus is on one keyword, ‘normal’, chosen based on artistic literary interpretation of the analyzed text. The research material is the literary text of Sally Rooney’s novel “Normal People”. Lexicographical definitions are analyzed to determine the semantic components of the meaning of the chosen keyword. The next stage of the research is a contextual-interpretative analysis aimed at clarifying the specificity of the keyword ‘normal’ in the context of plot situations the novel. It is concluded that the macrotextual connotation of keywords is manifested by comparing the main semantic components of meaning found in dictionary definitions with the holistic interpretation of the ideological-thematic content the novel. In the analyzed literary text, the macrotextual connotation was realized by antonymizing the meaning of ‘normal’ and creating semantic ambiguity through antithesis with its opposite meaning.

HOW THE LANGUAGE OF THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE OCEANIA REGION INFLUENCES THE DEVELOPMENT AND FORMATION OF THE YOUTH LANGUAGE SUBCULTURE OF ENGLISH-SPEAKING AUSTRALIANS AND NEW ZEALANDERS

Yaroslav DUMASHIVSKYI, Vira CHORNII — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The proposed article analyzes and researches the peculiarities of the development of the Australian and New Zealand variants of the modern English language. The nature of the influence of the language of the indigenous peoples on the young generation, their interaction at the stage of borrowing elements of the lexical composition is determined, and a detailed description of the characteristic reasons and ways of the penetration of elements of the Maori language into the lexicon of everyday communication of English-speaking residents is given. The authors of the article also paid special attention to the analysis of terms borrowed from autochthonous languages – stylistically colored linguistic units that determine the specific features of the lexical and phraseological systems of the above variants of the English language. In addition, literary sources on the topic of the study were analyzed, in particular, the peculiarities of the origin and development of the Australian and New Zealand variants of the English language were highlighted, and their lexical dependence on the culture of the population of the countries of the Ocean region was established. The reasons for the use of vocabulary of aboriginal origin in song texts, in the terminology of sports games and other activities of residents of New Zealand and Australia are also considered and elaborated. The article found out that the language of the natives actively penetrates into the Australian and New Zealand variants of the English language, that is, into all spheres of the population’s life, but it is the lexemes of a domestic and family character that denote home, family, family relationships, etc. that are used the most. The next category, which can be singled out and which until now enriches the lexicon of the English language with terminological lexemes, is the pristine colorful nature of the islands, because a large part of the isolated borrowed vocabulary belongs to this group. The proposed work clearly outlines the linguistic self-determination of both studied variants of the English language, which they acquired together with the state separation from the British state. At the same time, it is shown that in the conditions of independent existence, the New Zealand, as well as the Australian, for example, subspecies of the English language acquired national and cultural features at all its levels, because the languages of the indigenous population – the natives – remained dominant for a long time in these virgin territories.

ELIMINATION OF LACUNAE IN THE ENGLISH-UKRAINIAN LEGAL TRANSLATION (BASED ON LEXICAL ITEMS DENOTING LEGAL PROFESSIONS)

Liudmyla ZAHORODNIA, Nataliya KHOMA — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article is devoted to the issue of elimination of lacunar lexical items denoting legal professions while translating from English into Ukrainian. In particular, the study substantiates the choice of translation strategy and methods of delacunization taking into account the context of the original text. The authors mentioned that the lacunarity of the mentioned legal terms is caused by the fact that Ukraine and a number of English-speaking countries belong to different types of legal systems, viz., to Romano-Germanic and Anglo-Saxon respectively. The translation strategies of foreignization and domestication are considered to be the basic ones for translating lacunas into the target language. However, scholars do not recommend using the strategy of domestication often while translating legal texts. Instead, they suggest using another type of strategy – neutralization. The mentioned strategy involves using neutral style and the elimination of the cultural peculiarities of the source and target community. The scientific research proves that the strategy chosen by the translator determines methods of elimination of lacunar lexical items in legal translation; videlicet the strategy of domestication involves the use of generalization and a functional analogue in the target text while foreignization involves the descriptive method, calquing, and transcoding. The authors indicate that there are more terms denoting legal professions in the English language than in Ukrainian. It means that legal responsibilities and duties undergo more subdivisions in the English-speaking countries than in Ukraine. The research proves that the strategy of foreignization is used to preserve the authenticity of the original text and to indicate the professional duties of the lawyers referred to in the source text accurately. It should be mentioned that the strategy of domestication is more receptive to people who are not familiar with the Anglo-Saxon legal system or are not lawyers by profession. The use of the method of functional analogue and generalization is traced in cases where the source text focuses on the duties of lawyers which are identical in the source and target legal cultures. The study of the issue of eliminating lacunar lexical items while translating legal texts from English into Ukrainian are the prospects for further research.

HUMOROUS FEATURES OF GERMAN APHORISMS

Oksana ZUBACH — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of German aphorisms and the identification of humorous features in their content and forms of expression. The structural and semantic elements of German aphorisms, which are characterized by brevity and accuracy of content, are analyzed. Aphorisms are considered to be short texts. The humorous effect of aphorisms is manifested in the feeling of unjustified expectations and is actualized by the manifestation of the emotional, cognitive, mental and physical state of the communicator. The creator of aphorisms is a person in his interaction with the world around him in politics, religion, art and many other areas. German aphorisms reflect life’s wisdom through the concepts of good and evil, practical and theoretical, etc. The manifestation of humour in German aphorisms comes to life through the incongruous expression of wisdom, which is typical for the linguistic and cultural peculiarities of the German space. The functional features of aphorisms are reproduced through absurd formulations of thoughts or judgments in communication. The humorous effect is an expression of a kind of feedback between the realities of life of that period, which is recorded in the paradigm Aphorismen durch Aphorismen. German aphorisms are constructed in the present tense in the form of narrative, exclamatory and interrogative sentences. Its structure assumes the most important value orientations of the target language culture through lexical and stylistic design, compositional structure and identified authorship of representatives of German culture. The use of German aphorisms in communication reveals the essence of the national German worldview, emphasizes its originality and paradoxicality. German aphorisms are markers of the laughter culture of the German-speaking linguistic and cultural space.

FUNCTIONING AND WAYS OF RENDERING OF THE AUTHOR’S INDIVIDUAL SIMILES IN GEORGE ORWELL’S “KEEP THE ASPIDISTRA FLYING”

Oksana KUTSA, Mariana KARANEVYCH — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article explores the functional features and ways of translating George Orwell’s individual similes. This study is relevant for several reasons: first, it addresses the need to examine the author’s distinctive linguistic and expressive devices, which contribute to a deeper understanding of their worldview and writing style; second, it highlights the challenges of conveying unique comparative constructions, which sometimes require non-standard translation solutions; and third, it responds to the lack of research on this topic, underscoring the necessity of a more in-depth analysis of aspects of translation studies related to the author’s stylistic features.The study emphasizes the importance of analyzing George Orwell’s individual writing style, as his works are rich in various stylistic devices, particularly similes, which are a characteristic feature of his linguistic expression. Understanding these elements is crucial for ensuring the adequacy of the translation and the preservation of the author’s expressiveness.The article defines simile as a stylistic device that compares different objects, images or states based on their shared characteristics, and the author’s individual similes are shaped by the subjective-evaluative vision of the author, contributing to his unique style and complicating translation into other languages. It is stated that similes consist of three components: subject, object, and basis. It is found that the most common objects of the author’s individual similes in the novel “Keep the Aspidistra Flying” are animals, containers, artists’ paintings, and materials.The scientific perspectives of P. Pierini and E. Akhmedova on the ways of rendering similes in fiction are presented. The analysis reveals that in the process of translation of the author’s individual similes in the novel, T. Kyryliuk employed word-for-word translation, addition, omission, contextual substitution, concretization, multiple transformations, and introduced comparative constructions into the translated text as well.

“SEARCHING FOR STYLE AND GENRES”: TOWARDS THE ISSUE OF ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF FICTIONALISED BIOGRAPHIES OF ARTISTS

Oksana LEVYTSKA — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article is dedicated to the history of the development of fictionalised biographies of artists within Ukrainian literature. A significant number of fictionalised biographies of painters, sculptors, graphic artists and other creators, written and published over almost a century, when the genre developed in Ukrainian literature, stipulates the need to collect and systematise these works in view of the trends of specific historical periods or the evolution of genres. A multidisciplinary methodology relying on literary studies, comparative studies, book studies, and bibliographic activities has been used to conduct a historical and typological overview of this type of literature. This was made possible due to a prior bibliographic search of publications; thus, working with library collections and specific texts helped systematise the texts of the genre and identify the specific genre, as well as thematic and poetical peculiarities.The article analyses the inception era of fictionalised biographies of artists, investigates the development of the genre in the diaspora and Soviet Ukraine and explores the actualisation of the genre at present as well as its diversity and receptive potential. The research aims to present a broad overview of the development of fiction about artists from the first texts by V. Domontovych and Yu. Kosach, I. Holubovskyi’s short stories created in the first half of the 20th century as well as texts published during the Soviet period as part of biographical collections, to full-fledged biographical fiction about artists created in the late 20th and early decades of the 21st century, i.e. texts by V. Yavorivskyi, M. Slaboshpytskyi, L. Kostenko, B. Stelmakh, I. Drach, O. Denysenko, O. Dumanska, B. Horyn, O. Balabko, V. Yeshkiliev, Ye. Kononenko, K. Lebedieva, O. Ilchenko, S. Stetsenko, S. Rosovetskyi, R. Horak, L. Lysenko, O. Volynska and others.

THE TOPOS OF GERMANY’S LEADING ROLE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

Nataliia LYSETSKA — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article uses the argumentative and analytical method to analyze the topos of German leadership in the German-language media. On the basis of the topos analysis, the linguistic patterns of argumentation (topos) which are characteristic of the war discourse are identified. We define a topos as an argument, a generally significant statement or theme that is derived from the syntactic constructions “If <…>” and “Because <…>”. Topoi of argumentation serve to legitimize certain positions and are the thought structures of an approach to solving a particular political problem. Based on the materials of the German press (Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Berliner Zeitung, Tageszeitung, Neues Deutschland) for the period from February 24, 2022 and until recently, the following formal patterns of argumentation have been identified: survival (Überleben), pressure (Druck), hesitation (Zögern), violation of international law (Völkerrechtsverletzung), fictitious peace policy (Scheinfriedenspolitik), danger (Gefahr), turning point (Wendepunkt), Germany’s leading role (führende Rolle Deutschlands), circular exchange of arms supplies (Ringtausch von Waffenlieferungen), goal (Zweck), etc. The study analyzes the topoi that reveal the position of the German government and the German public on the supply of weapons to Ukraine, which is supported by arguments “for” and “against”. The keyword “arms supply” (“Waffenlieferung”) acquires new shades of meaning in the context of Russian aggression – the supply of weapons as a necessity for winning and ending the war, protecting the population and saving lives, restoring territorial unity and protecting peaceful European unity. The concept of WAFFENLIEFERUNG is multidimensional and establishes associative links with political, military, social, public, moral, and religious contexts.

PHILOSOPHICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL DISCOURSE OF THE CONCEPT OF TRUTH IN ZOE HELLER’S NOVEL “THE BELIEVERS”

Tetiana LIAKH — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article examines the concept of truth in Zoe Heller’s novel “The Believers”. It emphasises that humans are the ultimate measure of truth, shaping the philosophical and anthropological discussions surrounding this idea. In the novel, this notion is conveyed through the diverse worldviews of the characters. Within the framework of studying the concept of truth in the novel “Full of Faith”, its cultural and philosophical discourse is clarified. At the end of the 20th century, truth ceases to be absolute in human existence; instead, it depends on a person’s worldview and experience. Thus, the late twentieth century’s philosophical discourse assumes that man becomes the primary bearer of truth and its semantic connotations, where the plurality of meanings is the only possible way of human existence. In the novel, the concept of truth is revealed at the linguistic and cultural level in the form of lexemes, the meaning of which constitutes the content of the idea of truth (‘belief’, ‘truth’, ‘verity’, ‘era of righteousness’). The characters’ attitudes toward truth and their methods of articulating this concept are explored. It is revealed that truth is primarily manifested in the communicative realm: speech, intertextuality (including numerous allusions and quotes), metaphors, and artistic details reflect the various philosophical, political, cultural, and religious views of the characters, thus shaping the semantics of truth. Additionally, the novel examines truth through the lens of other ontological concepts and phenomena such as untruth, ideology, family, love, death, faith, words, and identity. America’s historical and political context influences the multiplicity of meanings associated with truth in the early 20th century. The study concludes that in Zoe Heller’s novel “The Believers”, truth is complex and multifaceted, reflecting the author’s philosophical vision of the historical and cultural model of the contemporary world. This article enriches the literary studies related to Zoe Heller’s oeuvre and suggests avenues for further interdisciplinary exploration of the modern novel.

SYMBOLISM OF GENDER ROLES IN GERMAN-LANGUAGE WORKS OF WESTERN UKRAINE IN THE 19TH CENTURY: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Liliana MAKOVIICHUK — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

This article explores the symbolism of gender roles in German-language works of Western Ukraine in the 19th century, revealing a rich cultural context that reflects social norms and perceptions of men and women of that time. Using symbols and metaphors, authors convey the traditional gender stereotypes that were prevalent in society at that time. Based on an analysis of selected quotes from works by Joseph Roth, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Ida von Hahn-Hahn, Karl Emil Franzos, Stefan Zweig, Hermann Hesse, Thomas Mann, Arthur Schnitzler, and Alfred Döblin, the article shows how these symbols were used to reinforce or criticize traditional gender roles.An analysis of the selected quotes reveals that female characters were often depicted through symbols of tenderness, beauty, and inner strength. For instance, quotes from the works of Joseph Roth and Thomas Mann emphasize the perception of women as bearers of warmth, softness, and charm. Meanwhile, quotes from the works of Stefan Zweig and Alfred Döblin demonstrate that women were perceived not only as delicate beings but also as strong individuals capable of inner strength and self-expression. These symbols indicate the complexity and multifaceted nature of female images in the literature of that time. Male characters, on the other hand, were associated with power, resilience, and inner harmony. Quotes from the works of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch and Hermann Hesse reflect traditional views of masculinity as unyielding strength and leadership. Images of the heart as a stone in the waves or male authority based on inner confidence underscore the idea that men should be protectors and pillars of society. These symbols also point to the importance of internal qualities that make men true leaders.At the same time, some works contain elements of criticism of existing gender stereotypes and attempts to rethink the role of women in society. For example, a quote from the novel by Ida von Hahn-Hahn emphasizes women’s desire for freedom and self-expression, indicating the presence of alternative views on gender roles and aspirations for change. This highlights the importance of literature as a means of understanding and criticizing the social and cultural processes that influenced the formation of gender roles in the society of that time.The article also provides recommendations for further research and educational programs aimed at understanding gender stereotypes and their impact on modern society. Using interdisciplinary approaches, including historical, sociological, and cultural analysis, will allow for a deeper understanding of the roots of stereotypes and their impact on contemporary society. This research is an important step toward a deeper understanding of the role of literature in shaping and reinforcing gender perceptions and indicates the need for critical analysis of contemporary literature to identify new trends in the depiction of gender roles.

MARTSISHOR – FOLKLORE AND ETHNOGRAPHIC SPECIFICITY OF LOCAL TRADITION

Emiliia NIKOLAIESKU — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Martsishor is a traditional holiday characteristic of Romania, the Republic of Moldova and other countries of the Balkan Peninsula, which is celebrated on March 1st. It is one of the key elements of the cultural identity of these peoples. The article examines various aspects of martsishor, starting with its history and etymology. It has been established that martsishor has deep historical roots associated with Roman, prehistoric beliefs and agricultural practices of the aforementioned peoples.This holiday marks the beginning of spring, the revival of nature and is associated with the wearing of martsishor. It is created and worn following a series of rituals. The martsishor is a lace woven from two twisted threads of white and red colors. It was discovered that until the 19th century martsishor were made using other colors, such as black, blue, yellow, green, etc. It has been established that the color range of the martsishor had several variants even within the same ethnic community. Today, martsishor is made almost exclusively from red and white threads, using various techniques and materials, and preserving ancient motifs that once had a mythical and magical significance and were widespread in folk art. The red color symbolizes the feminine, and the white color symbolizes the masculine. The twisted red and white threads of martsishor symbolize the unity of opposites. This decoration serves as a kind of amulet, a talisman for its wearer; it protects its wearer from evil forces and brings them health and happiness.Martsishor is worn by everyone, regardless of age, but especially by young people. Traditionally, people wore martsishor on their necks, wrists, ring fingers, waists, and legs, braided in their hair. After World War II, martsishor is attached to clothing and worn on the chest. Today, it is believed that martsishor has lost some ritual functions, does not protect the human body so much due to new trends in its wearing. According to folk traditions, martsishor was also attached to domestic animals, hung on doors, windows, and tools.The work also highlights the rituals of farewell to the amulet and other customs associated with March 1th, which are practiced by the Balkan peoples: cleansing rituals (cleaning houses); prayers to God for good harvests, etc. It has been established that the traditions of the martsishor among the peoples of the Balkan Peninsula have regional characteristics. Despite globalization and the influence of external cultures, martsishor retains its popularity today. This indicates that even in the modern world, traditions can adapt to new realities, while maintaining an important role in the cultural life of communities. This cultural tradition has been included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage, which proves that the peoples of the Balkans value this heritage, identify with it and pass it on to the younger generation.

THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF ECONOMIC DISCOURSE TEXTS TRANSLATION

Tetiana PIATNYCHKA, Inna SHYLINSKA, Lilia SHTOKHMAN — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article is devoted to the theoretical aspects of translating economic discourse texts, highlighting its significance in modern linguistics and specialized translation. It is noted that due to globalization and the expansion of international relations, the issues of adequacy and accuracy of translation have become increasingly important. The research describes methodological approaches to translating texts in the field of economics, exploring the interrelationship between stylistic features, context, terminology, cultural factors, and translation strategies. It is emphasized that integration of machine technologies and tools into the translation process opens up new opportunities but requires a responsible approach to their use. The process of translating texts in economic discourse is complex and multifaceted, as it requires the translator not only to have excellent linguistic knowledge and translation skills but also a deep understanding of economic terms and subject matter, cultural contexts, ethical norms, and modern technologies. Such combinations of knowledge allows to ensure the accuracy and adequacy of translations, which is critically important for effective communication in the fields of business, finance, and economics. It is asserted that misinterpretation of economic terms or distortion of the content of specialized texts leads to misunderstandings, disputes, loss of trust between partners, significant financial losses, and legal issues with serious unforeseen consequences. It is emphasized that the peculiarities and specific aspects of translating economic texts have become not only theoretical questions but also practical necessities for business and international cooperation between countries with different economic systems and cultural traditions.

THE ARTISTIC WORLD OF VALERY SHEVCHUK IN THE CONTEXT OF BAROQUE AESTHETICS

Tеtiana SKURATKO, Svitlana BORODITSA — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article reveals the artistic originality of Valeriy Shevchuk’s works in the context of Baroque aesthetics (based on the novels “House on the Hill” and “On the Humble Field”). Considerable attention is paid to the study of the great prose of the artist, who, continuing the traditions of Ukrainian Baroque literature, creates an original concept of the world and man, the author’s strategy of interpreting Baroque texts. The article traces Valeriy Shevchuk’s scientific comprehension of Ukrainian baroque literature (based on the thorough scientific work “Muse of Roksolana. Ukrainian Literature of the XVI–XVIII Centuries”) as an important factor in the spiritual and cultural life of the Ukrainian nation. It is noted that the works of Baroque literature are characterized by a synthesis of rhetoric and metaphor, contrast and picturesqueness, grotesqueness and allegory, a play with complex emblems and allegories, complicated imagery, and deep symbolism. Thus, Valeriy Shevchuk draws ideological and formal connections between Baroque primary sources and their corresponding poetic and rhetorical schemes and folklore, which reveals the significance of his cultural concept.The writer, in accordance with his own original worldview, builds multidimensional pictures of Ukrainian reality in his works, forming the author’s national spiritual and aesthetic model. Expanding reality with the help of dreams, delusions, phantasmagoric visions, the author creates a unique new unreal, illusory reality, destroying the boundaries between the real and the fantastic, the real and the mythical. Such an artistic world is subject to whimsical and baroque situations that involve unexpected collisions, baroque metaphors, symbolic ciphers, and subconscious contexts. Valeriy Shevchuk tries to penetrate and reveal the mystery of life, the incomprehensibility of fateful vicissitudes, resorting to the complicated textual architecture typical of Baroque literature – “text within text”. It is the use of fragments of other texts, borrowings, allusions, reminiscences, as well as the perception of the world as a game and theater, where everyone has a certain role, that the artist masterfully realized in the novels “The House on the Hill” and “On the Humble Field”. This testifies to the dominance of Baroque aesthetics in Valeriy Shevchuk’s novels, which determine a double or even triple reading of the author’s text.

DEVELOPMENT OF A VIEW ON THE LINGUOCOGNITIVE NATURE OF METAPHOR

Galyna STROGANOVA — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article examines the development of views on metaphor from classical rhetorical theories to modern cognitive-linguistic approaches. In particular, it explores Aristotle’s comparative concept, A. Richards and M. Black’s interaction theory, J. Searle’s pragmatic theory, linguistic theories, and the cognitive theory of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. The study clarifies the influence of these theories on shaping the modern understanding of metaphor as a linguocognitive phenomenon. Aristotle’s comparative concept formed the basis of the classical definition of metaphor as the transfer of a name from one object or phenomenon to another based on their similarity. It views metaphor as a linguistic anomaly that distinguishes speech from everyday language. The interactionist approach aligns closely with the contemporary view of metaphor as a cognitive phenomenon, considering metaphor a pervasive feature of everyday speech. According to this approach, metaphor primarily exists in thought, which then produces metaphors in speech. The pragmatic theory emphasizes the importance of context and communicative intent in interpreting metaphorical expressions. In analyzing linguistic studies on metaphor, three main perspectives have been identified: metaphor as a mode of word meaning, as a phenomenon of syntactic semantics, and as a means of transmitting meaning in a communicative act. The cognitive theory views metaphor not only as a linguistic phenomenon but also as a cognitive mechanism that structures human perception of the world. The impact of the cognitive approach on understanding metaphor’s nature is evident in its treatment as a mental operation that organizes abstract concepts through more concrete domains of experience. This perspective shifts the traditional understanding of metaphor as merely a rhetorical device, highlighting its fundamental role in cognitive processes. As a result, metaphor is no longer perceived solely as a linguistic tool but as a phenomenon that permeates all aspects of human cognitive activity. The theoretical concepts analyzed in the article have significantly influenced the formation of the modern view of metaphor as a universal cognitive mechanism. They allow metaphor to be considered not just a linguistic unit but a crucial element of conceptual knowledge organization, playing a decisive role in cognition and communication.

INTERTEXTUAL READING OF STEPAN SAPELYAK’S POETRY

Halyna RAIBEDIUK — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The intertextual discourse of Stepan Sapelyak’s artistic work is structured at the intersection of various precedent texts in their nature and essence: biblical, folklore, literary, historical, and memoir texts. These texts manifest themselves in different ways, both in individual poems and in his overall body of work. Thus, the reception and transformation of an “external” text as an attributive feature of the poet’s creative self-expression implies its interpretation within the methodological paradigm of intertextuality. The specified optics of the analysis of his lyrics is still in its early stages, which determines its actuality. The aim of this article is to substantiate the ideological-aesthetic and stylistic appropriateness of the poet’s use of intertextual components at various structural levels of the author’s text. Considering theoretical developments in specified field by Ukrainian and foreign literary scholars, we find out the most notable ways of the poet’s communication with other texts, we identify key models of intertextuality in his lyrical narrative, and we explore their contextual semantics. As a result of the analysis of a representative poem selection, the initial hypothesis regarding intertextuality as an immanent feature of Sapelyak’s idiostyle has been confirmed. Among the intertextual markers in his poetry, the most functional forms of paratext have been distinguished: epigraph, title, and dedication. In selecting these elements, the poet draws upon literary sources (H. Skovoroda, T. Shevchenko, Ye. Pluzhnyk, Ye. Malaniuk, O. Dovzhenko, I. Svitlychnyi, V. Stus) as well as memoir sources (diaries, letters). He imbues them with additional potential for penetrating the sphere of the author’s subjectivity, enriching the perception of artistic world synergy. It has been proven that intertextual “inclusions” break the hermetic nature characteristic of the prison genre, leading the recipient and interpreter to explicit/implicit meanings of the text, condensing the boundaries of the poet’s worldview and aesthetic concepts while incorporating factual details of his biography and psychological portrait. The interaction with other texts in Sapelyak’s poetry is multidimensional and consciouslyemphasized. This interaction facilitates the decoding of the author’s creative intent and enables a deeper reading of his work, thus offering contemporary scholars broader interpretative possibilities.

AUTOMATED GENERATION OF TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION IN THE IT INDUSTRY USING LARGE LANGUAGE MODELS

Volodymyr PASICHNYK, Maksym YAROMYCH — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

Automated generation of technical documentation is one of the key challenges in the modern IT industry, as high-quality and up-to-date documentation is essential for the effective work of developers, testers, and end users. This paper explores the potential of using large language models (LLMs) for generating technical documentation and evaluates the role of the ontological approach in structuring the documentation process.It has been noted that traditional methods of documentation creation face several difficulties, including a significant amount of manual labor, challenges in maintaining content relevance, and ensuring consistency across different sections. The lack of integration between documentation and software development processes leads to outdated materials and complicates their updates. Additionally, it is emphasized that in fast-paced development cycles, developers often pay insufficient attention to documentation, making it difficult to keep it up to date.Special attention is given to the conceptual integration of LLMs with ontological approaches, which allows not only the generation of texts but also ensures their structured organization according to formal knowledge models. The use of ontologies enhances documentation accuracy, reduces errors, and helps establish a unified documentation standard. This study presents an overview of approaches to integrating LLMs with ontologies, including automated knowledge extraction methods and the application of ontological modeling to documentation structuring.The research also analyzes the advantages and limitations of automated documentation generation. Key benefits include faster document creation, standardization, reduced workload for developers, and fewer human errors. However, several challenges are identified, such as the need for model training on domain-specific corpora, ensuring text accuracy, and integrating LLMs into the software development lifecycle.A separate section of the study is dedicated to analyzing practical cases of using LLMs for documentation generation. An example is presented of automatically creating documentation for an open-source software project written in Python, where GPT-4 was used to generate technical descriptions and user instructions. The results indicate that language models significantly improve documentation quality by ensuring a clear structure, proper formatting, and compliance with widely accepted standards. However, it is noted that for full compliance with official requirements, additional text editing and the inclusion of more detailed descriptions of parameters and variables may be necessary.The paper also discusses the future prospects of documentation automation, particularly through hybrid approaches that combine language models, ontologies, and quality control algorithms. It highlights the potential integration of LLMs into development environments (IDEs), which would allow automatic updates to documentation as code changes occur.It is emphasized that automating technical documentation generation using LLMs and ontologies is a promising direction that significantly increases developer efficiency, minimizes errors, and reduces the time required to maintain documentation. However, to ensure high accuracy and compliance with technical standards, further research is required in adapting language models to specific domains, developing methods for text accuracy control, and integrating automatic documentation systems with existing DevOps and code management tools.

THE DUALITY OF ALLUSIONS IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL

Sviatoslav BILYI, Lesia MALIMON — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article analyses allusions in the novel The Lost Symbol by the contemporary American writer Dan Brown from the point of view of the duality of this phenomenon, which forms ambiguity by expanding and enriching textual information. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that allusiveness is one of the characteristic features of the writer’s novels. At the present stage, the availability of a number of works related to the study of allusion as a stylistic device, their classification and structure provide a basis for analysing the phenomenon of allusiveness in samples of contemporary literary works that have been little studied. In this way, the potential of scientific research based on the novel The Lost Symbol is determined. Among recent studies, there are also those that analyse the structure and describe the semantic and structural relations of elements of allusions, allusive references and hints. The article outlines the theoretical foundations of the analysis of allusions by two elements that constitute the semantic unity and determine the semantic and subtextual character of allusions: denotations (texts, phenomena, events, names and titles to which the reference is made) and representatives (the way the allusion is presented in the text). In turn, the denotations were classified according to the characteristics of intertextuality and non-intertextuality, the presence or absence of a connection with written discourse activity. The analysis is based on the identified examples of allusions in the novel’s text. The article describes what basic and additional information is included in allusive references, what elements serve as allusive markers and the actual ways of expressing allusions. The study of allusions in this way demonstrates the process of their recognition by the reader, decoding and establishing a logical correspondence between allusive units and hidden meaning. In the end, it is confirmed that the duality of allusions in the novel The Lost Symbol is a means of semantic expansion, which is achieved by the unity of denotations and representatives. On the basis of the comparative results of the study, the article outlines the prospects for further research related to the systematic analysis of the duality of allusions, the use of comparativistics and further systematisation of the developments.

TRANSLATION OF MEDIA TEXTS: A POLYPARADIGMATIC APPROACH TO SPEECH MANIPULATION

Oksana BROVKINA, Kateryna KONDRATENKO — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article investigates the peculiarities of translating media texts, applying a polyparadigmatic approach to language manipulation. Media discourse is examined as a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that combines both the text itself and the broader communicative context. This context is shaped by various mental, social, and cultural factors that influence both the creation and reception of the text. In this study, the mechanisms of speech manipulation are explored, focusing on their realization at different levels of the language: lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic. Key techniques of manipulation, such as changing transitivity, the usage of active and passive voice, altering word order, and adapting idiomatic expressions and metaphors, are identified as pivotal strategies for achieving the desired manipulative effect in translation. A particular emphasis is placed on the pragmatic aspects of translating media texts, including the need to adapt content to meet the cultural expectations of the target audience. The challenge of maintaining the manipulative impact of a text when translating it from English into Ukrainian is examined, highlighting the delicate balance between the linguistic accuracy and preserving the persuasive power embedded in the original. The article also addresses the practical concerns of transmitting manipulative elements across languages and cultures, offering translators effective strategies for conveying these elements faithfully. The findings of the research hold significant theoretical and practical value. They contribute to the development of translation methodologies and the enhancement of translation pedagogy, particularly in the realm of media communications. Additionally, the results offer practical insights for professional translators working in the fields of journalism, advertising, and media localization. By exploring the mechanisms of manipulative language in media discourse, the article provides a deeper understanding of how translation can reflect and transform the persuasive intentions of the source text. Ultimately, the study aims to improve translation practices, fostering cultural sensitivity and linguistic precision in the professional field.

POST-EDITING AS AN IMPORTANT ASPECT OF TRAINING FUTURE TRANSLATORS

Viktoriia IHNATENKO — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The translation industry is undergoing significant changes driven by globalisation and internationalisation, which are affecting the work of translators. This is especially true for the growth in translation workloads due to the increasing volume of documents and information exchanged between countries around the world that need to be translated. All of these factors lead to increased competition among translators, which requires high professionalism and the use of the latest technologies in the translation process. One of the most important aspects is post-editing of machine translation, which includes correcting the results of translation performed by automated systems. Machine translation with the help of neural networks and artificial intelligence can reduce human resource costs and increase translation speed. However, given the lack of full accuracy in automated systems, it is important to use post-editing to achieve a high-quality result. The purpose of this article is to study the post-editing process, identify its main characteristics and factors that affect the success of this process. The features of post-editing as a translation activity are identified; the objective factors influencing the post-editing process include the text itself, the language pair, the system used, the level of post-editing quality (partial, medium or complete), as well as the specifics of the subject matter and genre. At the same time, subjective factors include the individual characteristics of the translator’s work, the time allocated for editing, the experience and qualifications of the translators, and their deep understanding of the context and culture of both languages.In general, post-editing plays an important role in the training of translation specialists, as it allows them to work effectively with the results of machine translation while maintaining a high level of quality in the final product. At the same time, post-editing training requires special attention and differs significantly from other types of translation activities.

THE APPLICATION OF FILM FRAGMENTS TO ENHANCE INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION LEARNING

Svitlana KRAVETS — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

In today’s interconnected world, intercultural competence is increasingly essential for effective communication across diverse cultural contexts. For students, learning to understand and appreciate cultural differences fosters empathy, enhances communication skills, and prepares them for global careers. One innovative approach to developing intercultural competence in educational settings is through the use of film fragments. Films provide rich, realistic portrayals of cultural interactions, values, and conflicts that enable students to observe and analyze cultural dynamics in action.This paper explores the application of film fragments in intercultural communication learning, emphasizing their potential to make cultural education both engaging and impactful. Educators can expose students to various cultural perspectives by focusing on carefully selected film scenes, stimulating critical thinking, and encouraging discussions about cultural norms and values. Key strategies include pre-watching contextualization, guided discussions, role-playing, and reflective writing exercises. Additionally, the paper provides practical examples of films that illustrate specific intercultural themes, such as Lost in Translation for culture shock, My Big Fat Greek Wedding for familial cultural expectations, The Farewell for differences in emotional expression across Eastern and Western cultures, The Pursuit of Happyness for the intersection of race, class, and culture, The Last Samurai for historical cultural conflict, and East is East for generational and cultural clashes in immigrant families, etc. By incorporating such films into the curriculum, educators can foster critical thinking, empathy, and a deeper understanding of intercultural dynamics.Film fragments become a valuable pedagogical tool through these methods, enabling students to experience the nuances of intercultural communication firsthand. This approach not only enriches language learning but also broadens students’ worldviews, preparing them for diverse social and professional environments. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating film fragments into curriculum design and directions for future research on multimedia’s role in intercultural education.

RHETORIC AS THE ART OF PERSUASION: HISTORY, THEORY, MODERNITY

Oksana MELNYCHUK, Liudmyla ARTEMENKO — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article explores the essence of rhetoric as the art of persuasion through the lens of historical theory and modernity. It has been an essential element of public life, as the ability to express thoughts eloquently played a significant role in political debates, legal proceedings, and philosophical schools. With the development of modern technologies and the growing social demands for communication skills, rhetoric has become an important component of education in contemporary institutions. The study of rhetoric contributes to the development of cognitive and communication skills necessary for success in professional activities and social interaction. The article explores the main stages of the development of rhetoric, particularly its origins in antiquity, its further evolution in the Middle Ages, and its revival during the Renaissance. Special attention is given to modern teaching methods that include interactive technologies, enabling students to improve their oratory skills using multimedia tools and enhance their argumentative skills through role-playing and discussions.The primary focus of the article is the analysis of rhetorical techniques used to achieve effective communication and persuasion in various fields, such as politics, business, media, and academic communication. The main components of rhetoric are examined, including the rhetorical canon, its foundations, and stages that cover the creation, structuring, and delivery of speeches. The article also addresses issues related to oratory, conducting reasoned debates, conversations, as well as ethnorhetoric, which studies the peculiarities of speech in different cultural and ethnic contexts. The teaching of rhetoric in educational institutions requires consideration of modern technologies that not only improve public speaking skills but also enable mastery of new forms of rhetorical practices, such as media rhetoric and political rhetoric. These forms are becoming increasingly relevant in the context of the rapid development of social media and new forms of communication. Today, rhetoric is an important tool not only for developing speech and argumentative skills but also for shaping professional competence and an active civic position.

EMPATHIC COMMUNICATION IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AS A FACTOR OF EFFECTIVE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS UNDER DIGITALIZATION CONDITIONS

Olena OSADCHA — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article deals with the issue of emphatic communication in the process of teaching English as a factor of effective educational process under digitalization conditions. Influenced by digitalization, communication between the participants of the academic process has become technologically mediated. The transformations in the interactions between a teacher and a student determined the relevance of this research.The aim of this research is to define the role of empathy in teaching foreign languages under digitalization conditions, to study and generalize the results of the scientific explorations of Ukrainian and foreign researchers and practices of creation of empathic educational environment and identify the effective strategies for creating the conditions for foreign language communication. It was emphasized that the lack of personal communication during online education can prove to be an obstacle to establishing the rapport between a teacher and a student. Empathy helps to reduce the emotional tension of students and contributes to creating a beneficial atmosphere. The article considers the concept of empathy in the context of foreign language teaching. The effective strategies of emphatic communication, such as personalization, feedback, empathic assessment, creation of the inclusive environment, active listening and adaptation to various learning styles have been analyzed. The role of feedback with the use of screencast software has been emphasized. The relations between emphatic communication and students’ emotional state and an increase in their motivation have been traced. The peer feedback practices based on the Moodle platform has been offered. Using the international project Erasmus+ “Modernization of university programs for foreign languages based on the integration with information technologies” (DigiFLEd) as an example, the possibilities of the international cooperation in upgrading university syllabi through the integration of the multi-media content have been demonstrated.

DEVELOPING MEDIA LITERACY IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS DURING UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE LESSONS USING TEXTBOOK MATERIALS

Eleonora PALYKHATA — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The issue of developing high school students’ ability to navigate the information space, implementing media education, and fostering media literacy as part of information security is addressed. This contributes to the achievement of the educational goals of Ukrainian language lessons and the application of media technologies in the learning process.An analysis of governmental documents is conducted, highlighting the media education potential and emphasizing the importance of integrating media literacy into secondary education institutions for the development of key educational competencies related to the sociocultural and informational environment. Ukrainian language textbooks for grades 10 and 11 are analyzed to identify the theoretical and practical inclusion of media materials. It is found that such materials are absent, while a wealth of preparatory practical content suitable for media product creation is present.The fundamentals of media studies that should be mastered by high school students in the process of learning media literacy are described. The possibilities for developing skills in media text production through exercises and tasks aimed at ensuring successful public communication are outlined.The methodology for fostering media literacy among high school students is focused on. It is based on theoretical media knowledge, creative exercises from school textbooks, and teacher-designed thematic tasks using information and communication technologies. It is proven that the methodology of media education relies on the systematic completion of exercises and tasks for media text production, considering the number of participants involved in text creation (monologue, dialogue, polylogue), the format of the media product, the distribution channel, and the genre of the media text.A set of exercises and tasks for the development of media literacy in high school students is proposed. These are based on previously acquired knowledge of text composition, public communication requirements, and the formed skills of producing and delivering (or presenting in written form) public information through appropriate distribution channels.

TEACHING GENRE DIVERSITY IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACADEMIC WRITING TO STUDENTS OF THE SECOND (MASTER’S) LEVEL OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Lidiia CHERCHATA, Larysa KOROL — Tue, 25 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0200

The article is devoted to mastering the genre diversity of foreign language academic writing of applicants for the second (master’s) level of higher education, which is an important stage in the training of specialists capable of effective communication in the scientific environment at the international level. It is emphasized that in this context, academic writing acts not only as a tool for the transfer of knowledge, but also as an important component of the development of critical thinking, analytical abilities and communication skills. The article discusses the key aspects of teaching genre diversity in academic texts to undergraduates, the specifics of working with different genres of academic texts, and the importance of taking into account intercultural and linguistic features when writing academic papers.It is noted that teaching genre diversity aims not only to teach students how to write correctly in accordance with the requirements of specific genres, but also to promote the development of their cognitive and linguistic abilities. An important component of the process is the development of the ability to independently analyze, synthesize, and interpret scientific information. The issue of compliance with the requirements of academic integrity is elaborated in detail. It is noted that it is important to teach students not only the technical aspects of writing, but also to develop their interest in scientific activity, which helps to form a high level of academic and professional responsibility. The use of various digital tools allows students to simplify the process of organizing information, checking for plagiarism, and structuring the text, which in turn helps to facilitate the teaching of genre diversity. Thus, an integrated approach is necessary for the training of highly qualified specialists who will be able to successfully integrate into the international scientific space, adhering to high standards of academic integrity, scientific ethics and professionalism.