POLITICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN HUNGARY DURING 1932–1936: THE FORMATION OF THE GYULA GÖMBÖS GOVERNMENT

Abstract

The purpose of the study Objective is to analyze the process of forming the government Gyula Gömbös and to identify the features of the transformation of the political system of Hungary in 1932–1936 in the context of the socio-economic crisis and the evolution of Regent Miklós Horthy’s regime. The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and special historical methods. The work applies the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity, as well as historical-genetic, problem-chronological, comparative and analytical methods, which allowed us to trace the political prerequisites for Gyula Gömbös rise to power, the formation of his government and the main directions of government policy. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive analysis of the political situation in Hungary in the early 1930s, the clarification of the role of the government of Gyula Gömbös in the processes of reforming public administration and the disclosure of the peculiarities of the relationship between the Prime Minister, the Regent, the Parliament and conservative political circles. The article also examines the impact of the economic crisis and international factors on the formation of the domestic policy of the Hungarian government. Conclusions. The study showed that the formation of the government of Gyula Gömbös took place in conditions of a deep political and economic crisis in the early 1930s, which required the ruling circles of the M. Horthy regime to search for new methods of stabilizing the state. The appointment of Gyula Gömbös was a compromise between different political groups, which determined the contradictory nature of his government activities. The Prime Minister sought to broaden the government’s social base, modernize the political system and strengthen the role of the executive, while preserving the foundations of the existing regime. His policies combined declarations of reform with a tendency towards centralizing control and reinforcing the authoritarian elements of the government. At the same time, the considerable influence of the conservative elite and the need to maintain political compromise limited the scope for implementing more radical reforms. Ultimately, the policies of Gyula Gömbös government marked an important stage in the evolution of Hungary’s political system during the interwar period.