THE SLAVIC IDEA IN THE STATE POLICY OF SLAVIC COUNTRIES IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to trace the transformation of the Slavic idea in the state policy of the twentieth century. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, scientificity, verification, as well as on the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic) methods. The scientific novelty lies in the conceptual understanding of the role of the Slavic idea in the state policy of the twentieth century. through the analysis of different variants of its realization – Panslavism, Yugoslavism, Czechoslovakism, new Slavophilism, the concept of «Russian measure»). Conclusions. The analysis of the use of the Slavic idea in public policy gives grounds to consider it one of the influential European ideologies on the market. Created in the XIX century and organic for its time, it actualized the Slavic question and gave impetus to active state formation. The formulated program of all-Slavic unity turned out to be fundamentally utopian, which, however, did not prevent it from developing its regional variants for most of the twentieth century, consolidating the western, eastern, and southern branches separately. The Slavic idea should not be understood outside the context of other pan-movements, and it is worth noting that it outlived its main competitors. However, this can hardly be considered a victory. Becoming an instrument in the hands of state elites, the Slavic idea lost its appeal among the broad strata of Slavs and exhausted its creative potential. And do not be surprised that in the late twentieth century. the unity of the Slavic world is no longer considered a priority and a condition for further development.