SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE MILITARY SETTLEMENTS IN KYIV AND PODILSK PROVINCES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.2518/2307-7778.19.2.1Keywords:
military settlements system, socio-economic development, settler (posielianin), household in settlement, agriculture, financial activity.Abstract
The purpose of the study is to investigate the formation and the development of the military settlements on the territory Kyiv and Podilsk provinces in the socio-economic aspect, to represent the peculiarities of the business sector on the territory under study. Methodology of the research is based on the principles of scientific, objectivity and historicism. In the research used the following historical methods, such as historical-comparative and system-structural. The scientific novelty lies in that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science was made an attempt to discover and investigate the main trends and patterns of the socio-economic development of the military settlements. Conclusions. The military settlements were established by the Russian government on the basis of the confiscated manors of landlords who participated in the 1830–1831 Polish uprising. Military settlers (posieliany) were forced to work in order to provide for army and numerous administrative apparatus, to pay debts of the former owners of manors and to support the fund for the invalids. It resulted in the low economic standards and sufficiency of the military settlements. The military settlements system caused the double enslavement of the peasantry. The household of military settlements could not develop and function in isolation in the economic terms. It has undergone the same processes as the country's economy as a whole. In the last decade of its existence, the economic sphere of the military settlements has been in crisis, which was caused by the stagnation of the empire. The situation has been degraded by frequent crop failures, epidemics and death of cattle. The last drop was the Crimean War, which has largely blown up the forces of the settlement economy. The government tried to create a strong material economic base for the development of the military settlements. Simultaneously the military settlements household was under the constant control of the local government and was contained in the sphere of state regulation.
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