THE BEGINNING OF THE TEACHING OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORY OF THE PRIMARY SOCIETY IN THE KHARKIV EMPIRE UNIVERSITY (1805–1920)

Abstract

The purpose of reseach: to trace investigates the generation and formation of teaching of archaeology and history of primitive society in the educational courses in one of the leading educational establishments of modern Ukraine – Kharkiv University from 1805 to 1920ss. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, a systematic approach, the author’s objectivity, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and specialhistorical (historical-typological, historical-system) methods. The scientific novelty is the following: for the first time in Ukrainian historiography the origin and development of the history of primitive society and archeology at the Kharkiv University as educational disciplines in the context of the educational process are considered. Conclusions. It is mentioned that any of the specialized department for teaching of archaeology and history of primitive society was not created in the XIX century. Also there were not any separate educational courses taught but only their elements were traced in different lectures of teachers of university such as home and world histories, anthropology, art e.t.c. It was related to the slow selection and vagueness of these disciplines in the educational process of that time, and also with the «segregation» of these sciences that were accessible only to the aristocracy. It is marked that outstanding changes in relation to teaching of archaeology traced in the 80th of the ХІХ century and that was related to the quality innovations in archaeological science. But these changes were ceased by the university charter of 1884 that imposed some limitations to the study and research of antiquity at Russian universities. Primitive archaeology was especially suffered, because department of anthropology was forbidden. It is proved that there were not any of the specialized courses from archaeology and primitive history taught in that period. But the amount of educational disciplines increases, where the presence of information from these sciences fragmentary traced in the lectures of teachers of historical and philological faculty of university. Essential changes in teaching of archaeology and primitive society at Kharkiv university are introduced by the XIIth Archaeological Congress that was conducted in Kharkiv. Only at the beginning of the XX century there was the separate course of archaeology appeared at university curricula but it was not taught properly because of the lack of specialists.