ROLE AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF CREATION AND TRANSLATION OF MILLIRATY LEXIS

Abstract

The article examines the role, features, and specific characteristics of the formation and translation of military vocabulary and neologisms in the modern linguistic space. Particular attention is paid to the dynamic processes of military terminology development, which are influenced by technological progress as well as socio-political changes, especially those related to recent armed conflicts. The paper analyzes the main sources of new military terms and neologisms: innovative technologies in the field of weaponry, media discourse, social networks, and the impact of colloquial speech and online communication on the creation of expressive lexical units. The study outlines the main word-formation models – borrowing, calquing, abbreviation, and semantic shift – that contribute to the enrichment of the lexical system and reflect current social and cultural processes. Special attention is given to the problem of translating newly formed military units, particularly the difficulties of rendering nationally marked and emotionally charged neologisms such as rashism, cotton (as a euphemism for explosion), and orcs into English. The article analyzes common translation strategies – transcription, calquing, descriptive translation, and adaptation – and determines the criteria for their use depending on the communicative context, functional purpose, and pragmatic orientation of the text. It is emphasized that the translation of military vocabulary requires not only linguistic competence but also awareness of the cultural, political, and discursive specifics of the target language environment. The study concludes that military vocabulary performs not only a nominative but also a sociocultural, identificational, and ideological function, reflecting the collective experience and worldview of society in wartime. Further research in this field should focus on compiling multilingual terminological glossaries, developing methodological recommendations for translators, and improving translation strategies that ensure the accuracy and adequacy of military terminology transfer in cross-linguistic communication.