LINGUISTIC PARAMETERS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF THE AMERICAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

The article determines that sociocultural stereotypes in American English determine the nature of the connotations of linguistic meanings, create a complex semantic aura of a linguistic sign. They are undoubtedly connected with the inner form of the word, with the motivation of its meaning. It is shown that the internal form of a word in American English is lost if the semantic connection ceases to be understood by native speakers. In the cognitive-semiological description, sociocultural stereotypes are correlated with the concept of a prototype. For the cognitive-semiological paradigm of linguculturalology in American English, this concept is valuable because it helps to understand the processes of categorization, and to a large extent depends not only on the actual cognitive mechanisms, but also on the cultural and discursive space in which a person is located. Metonymic thinking in American English allows you to recognize the entire category as a whole by the prototype. For each category, it is possible to formulate a set of characteristic features that are embodied as fully as possible in the prototype. For phraseological units of the American English language, we can talk about such signs as: 1) business, household; 2) functions; 3) has a functioning mechanism (appropriate methods and tools); 4) has human resources; 5) has the territory of the state; 6) affects the development of the USA and the world, brings profit; 7) resources are formed at the expense of founders' contributions, external investments, state funding; 8) ensures creation and distribution of GDP; 9) function in everyday and market environment. Linguistic and cultural problems of the American phraseology of the English language are addressed to the solution of several issues. The first question concerns the technical side, which consists in clarifying the terminological apparatus of the study. The second refers to the substantive part, which concerns the essence of terminological concepts. The cultural specificity of the American phraseological units of the English language involves the correspondence of the linguistic unit to the element of mentality or spiritual culture of the society, its history, beliefs, traditions and natural conditions of life. The national specificity of the phrase «ethnic» is due to belonging to a certain ethnic group. It is shown that language and culture are systemic properties of ethnos.