SYMBOLISM OF GENDER ROLES IN GERMAN-LANGUAGE WORKS OF WESTERN UKRAINE IN THE 19TH CENTURY: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Abstract

This article explores the symbolism of gender roles in German-language works of Western Ukraine in the 19th century, revealing a rich cultural context that reflects social norms and perceptions of men and women of that time. Using symbols and metaphors, authors convey the traditional gender stereotypes that were prevalent in society at that time. Based on an analysis of selected quotes from works by Joseph Roth, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Ida von Hahn-Hahn, Karl Emil Franzos, Stefan Zweig, Hermann Hesse, Thomas Mann, Arthur Schnitzler, and Alfred Döblin, the article shows how these symbols were used to reinforce or criticize traditional gender roles.An analysis of the selected quotes reveals that female characters were often depicted through symbols of tenderness, beauty, and inner strength. For instance, quotes from the works of Joseph Roth and Thomas Mann emphasize the perception of women as bearers of warmth, softness, and charm. Meanwhile, quotes from the works of Stefan Zweig and Alfred Döblin demonstrate that women were perceived not only as delicate beings but also as strong individuals capable of inner strength and self-expression. These symbols indicate the complexity and multifaceted nature of female images in the literature of that time. Male characters, on the other hand, were associated with power, resilience, and inner harmony. Quotes from the works of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch and Hermann Hesse reflect traditional views of masculinity as unyielding strength and leadership. Images of the heart as a stone in the waves or male authority based on inner confidence underscore the idea that men should be protectors and pillars of society. These symbols also point to the importance of internal qualities that make men true leaders.At the same time, some works contain elements of criticism of existing gender stereotypes and attempts to rethink the role of women in society. For example, a quote from the novel by Ida von Hahn-Hahn emphasizes women’s desire for freedom and self-expression, indicating the presence of alternative views on gender roles and aspirations for change. This highlights the importance of literature as a means of understanding and criticizing the social and cultural processes that influenced the formation of gender roles in the society of that time.The article also provides recommendations for further research and educational programs aimed at understanding gender stereotypes and their impact on modern society. Using interdisciplinary approaches, including historical, sociological, and cultural analysis, will allow for a deeper understanding of the roots of stereotypes and their impact on contemporary society. This research is an important step toward a deeper understanding of the role of literature in shaping and reinforcing gender perceptions and indicates the need for critical analysis of contemporary literature to identify new trends in the depiction of gender roles.