THE CONTENT AND FORMS OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE GYMNASIA OF BUKOVYNA (SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the educational process in the state gymnasia of Chernivtsi in the XIXth century. The author states that the development of secondary education in Bukovina began with the establishment of the first gymnasium in Chernivtsi in 1808. Attention is also paid to the educational content, forms and methods that were used by the Bukovinian teachers of the XIXth century. During this period Bukovinian region was under the rule of Austro-Hungarian Empire, that’s why the author finds out the significant influence of the foreign government on the process of education of the state gymnasia. Thus, the teaching was carried out in accordance with the Austrian example. The author reveals the peculiarities of education in Bukovinian gymnasia of the XIXth century, through the content which had been reflected in the annual reports named as “Programms for the imperial-royal higher gymnasia”, textbooks, etc. The main aspect of the research is the analysis of the forms and methods of the organization of the educational process in the gymnasia in Bukovina. Talking about the main forms of education, it was obvious that, collective and individual forms were the main in the process of teaching in the gymnasia in Chernivtsi. Comparing collective and individual forms of education in the secondary schools, the first was used more often by teachers than the second one. As for the traditional methods of teaching they were visual, verbal and work with textbooks. Due to the analysis of «Programm des k. k. Ober-Gymnasiums in Czernowitz in dem Herzogthum Bukowina für das Schuljahr 1869, 1875, 1881, 1883, 1888-89» the author defines some peculiarities of the educational process in Bukovinian gymnasia. Bukovinian gymnasia as secondary schools attached great importance to their image and were also aimed at ensuring the full development of their pupils. In the XIXth century the imperial-royal higher gymnasia put several tasks in front of them, among which were bringing up pupils deep feelings of love for and loyalty towards their Motherland and preparing graduates for the university entrance with the appropriate level of knowledges.